Peach blossom poem case "words Shihao

♦ Zhou Xigui

    Liu Yuxi, word Mengde, Han nationality, Tang Dynasty famous poet, litterateur, philosopher, ancestral Luoyang。Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) people, claiming to be the descendants of Liu Sheng, King of Zhongshan in the Han Dynasty, ancestral home Luoyang。He was a guest of the prince, known as Liu Guest。Known as Liu Liu with Liu Zongyuan。In his later years, he lived in Luoyang and sang more with Bai Juyi, called "Liu Bai".
 

    In the year of Yongzhenyuan (805), Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan, Wei Zhiyi, Han Tai, Chen Jian, Han Ye, Ling Zhun, and Cheng Yin participated in the failure of the political reform group headed by Wang Shuwen, and were all demoted to Sima, known in history as "eight Sima".。Liu Yuxi was demoted as a master of Langzhou (today's Changde City), and ten years later, some people in the court remembered him and Liu Zongyuan and others who were demoted at the same time, and Liu Zongyuan and others were recalled to Beijing。At that time, the government was under the control of the new rich, the more corrupt, the poet was very indignant, so he borrowed the Xuandu to watch the flower, and wrote "Yuan and ten years from Langzhou to Beijing, the play to see the flower gentlemen" :
 

Purple momo red dust touched his face, no one does not see flowers back。
Xuan all view peach blossom thousand trees, all Liu Lang after planting!
 

    When the poem came out, it pricked the sensitive and weak nerves of the authorities。And so the curse abounds, "The Times despise the irony."。Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan were again far away because of "language related ridicule"。At this time, only one month after the poet arrived in Beijing, he was demoted to Lianzhou。But the poet is fearless, as his comrade Liu Zongyuan said, "self-inflicted", that is, the poet knows that he will be persecuted, but is not afraid。From this, it can be seen that the poet is not afraid of the powerful, strong and unyielding spirit of struggle。This is the sensational "peach blossom poem case" at that time, that is, Liu Yuxi Xuan Du Guan a Fu "peach blossom poem"
 

    However, the poem was extremely popular with the common people and was widely circulated。The brilliance of this poem is that: the first two sentences are written with the pomp of peach blossom, but secretly with the "deep shadow thorn" method really ridiculing the popularity of the conservative forces, clique and selfishness。In the last two sentences, the poet has other sustenance, and uses the irony of meaning puns in writing。Write on the surface to see the flower, the bone is to borrow the swim Xuan all watch the flower to satirize the new rich。In the poem, "Xuandu view" is a metaphor for the court, and "peach thousand trees" is a metaphor for the new rich in the dynasty, suggesting that they climbed up because of the failure of the Yongzhen reform, clinging to the new authority。Although the eyes are very red for a while, but this is just like peach blossoms, good scenery is not long。The last sentence: "All Liu Lang after the planting", the implication is: if it is not for the failure of Yongzhen reform, we reformers are not banished from Beijing, you these new rich are not able to climb up。The last word of the poem, "planting", has a vivid image and profound irony, which is the finishing touch. In this poem, the poet fills the crafty sycophants who gain power temporarily in the dynasty with the metaphor of bright and beautiful peach blossoms。”。

    The last two sentences of the poem are from things and people, touching the scene, connecting the "peach blossom" trend and their own experience, that is, the "eight sima horses", and strongly calling out the discontent of the landlord class reformists - "The peach thousand trees in the Xuandu view are all planted after Liu Lang.。"Contempt, strong, words to stop, just right!If the first two sentences of the poem are still relatively contained but not revealed, then here it is really clear and sharp。The poet mercilessly satirized the old-school snobs of the landlord class who filled the dynasty, and implicitly criticized the government。

    After being demoted again for twelve years, Liu was recalled to Chang 'an by the imperial Court in the first year of Emperor Wenzong Taihe (827)。In March of the following year, the poet visited the Xuandu Temple near Chang 'an again。At this time, the view of peach blossom has done, "seed a groin, half is green moss and cauliflower full path";The poet revisited the old place, can not help but infinite feelings, and then again intoned one of the seven unique, that is, "Revisiting the Xuandu View"。诗云：

Half a hundred acres of garden is moss, peach blossom clean cauliflower open。
Where is the peach farmer？The former Liu Langjin came again。

    The poet connected with the political changes, seeing things and feeling, and the mixed feelings came to his mind: in the first two sentences of the hundred mu of the large Xuan Du view, most places are now covered with moss。Those bright peach blossoms of the past are now dead, only weeds, wildflowers everywhere, and the last two sentences tell people that even the people who planted the peach have gone unknown, leaving only a desolate depression。The poet is still writing in the light of the changes in personnel, with emotion: Where have those powerful officials and henchmen who attacked Wang Shuwen and disparage the "eight Sima" gone now？"Former degree Liu Lang" I am not back!The poet has been frustrated for many years and still remains his old self, his heroic spirit and original intention have not changed。Liu Yuxi expressed his stubborn will not be afraid of blows, insist on the struggle, and revealed some triumphant joy。

    Liu Yuxi was demoted to Langzhou due to failure of innovation in Yongzhen Yuan, and was recalled in Yuan and 10th years.From the Xuandu view "peach blossom poem case" issued two abatted even state, and to Taihe two years "re-tour Xuandu view", which was as long as twenty-two years。However, the long years of twenty-two years did not wear down Liu Yuxi's spirit of adhering to the truth and did not change his original intention of becoming an official。Throughout these two poems, from "all Liu Lang after the planting!"The magnificent, to the "former degree Liu Lang Jin again" after twelve years of iron bones, its unremitting struggle spirit is still the same as that year, straight let the later people freely, sigh, and cherish the memory。Today, people reading his poems can still be strongly encouraged and get profound lessons from it。

    At this point, the author has not exhausted the rest, with their own two indecent works to serve as the end of this article, to express the reverence for the poetry hao, and the respect for the precious cultural heritage。
 

Topic Changde Sima building

Xuandu view in the landscape confused, yesterday Liu Lang world long。
Sima House before the grass hair, the world to show the spring。

The Langzhou Sima

Peach blossom poetry case words poetry hao, yesterday Liu Lang high integrity。
Steel clank wind and rain road, Langzhou Sima the most coquel。