It also talks about artistic conception and realm

Hubei He Chongjun

    The artistic conception and realm are the goal of the author in literary creation。These are two different concepts, and no one has ever articulated them clearly。

    Let's say artistic conception, Yan Yu of the Song Dynasty called it "interest", Wang Yuyang of the Qing Dynasty called it "charm", Wang Guowei called it "realm", Fan Zhihou called it "artistic conception", there are books to say that although these statements are different, but the meaning is similar, all refer to the artistic realm achieved by some things described in the work。The 83 edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary also explained artistic conception as the realm and mood expressed by the image description of literary and artistic works。The Chinese Modern Chinese Dictionary further interprets artistic conception as the artistic realm formed by the integration of objective scenery and subjective sentiment in literary works。Ming Xie Zhen also said: "Poetry depends on the scene, solitary not self, two not opposite" and said: "scenery is the medium of poetry, love is the embryo of poetry, and for poetry.。At present, many people agree with this statement, that is, the artistic conception is the integration of objective scenery and subjective feelings。In this way, there is a bias: the work should have objective scenery description, but also should add the expression of subjective feelings, otherwise, there will be no artistic conception or poor artistic conception。It should be said that these statements are not wrong, the problem is that simply the description of the scene and the expression of subjective feelings are separated, it is a little inappropriate。For example, judging whether a work has artistic conception depends on whether it has subjective feelings, and the subjective feelings are understood as subjective discussion or lyricism。And the work is divided into two parts and discussion, and both are indispensable, where there is no subjective discussion is called no artistic conception or poor。For example, someone commented on Wang Changling's "Out" II: "Liu Ma new span white jade saddle, after the war, the moonlight is cold.。The iron drums at the top of the city are still beating, and the gold knives in the casket are not dry。The reason why this poem is less than "out" one: "Qin Mingyue Han Guan, thousands of long March people have not yet。But make the dragon city fly will be in, not called Huma du Yin mountain。The key reason is that the thirty-four or two sentences of the poem do not realize the transformation of interest as "one", that is, the expression of subjective feelings is not seen, and it is difficult to form a strong emotional impact。Some people commented on Du Fu's "Swan Sentence" : "Two orioles singing green willow, a line of egrets on the green sky, the window contains the Xiling thousand autumn snow, the door is parked in Dongwu Li Li ship.。"Said the whole poem in addition to painting scenery, did not add subjective feelings, and can not tolerate chewing, the implication is that the artistic conception is poor。The list goes on。In fact, this is a problem of people's understanding of artistic conception, they separate the simple isolation of emotion and scenery。In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi said in Jiang Zhai's Poems: "The scene is called two, but the reality cannot be separated.。God in the poet, wonderful and boundless。The clever one has the mood in the scene, the scene in the situation。He also said: "Although the scene has the heart in the division of things, and the scenery of emotion, emotion of scenery, the touch of sorrow and joy, the welcome of honor, each hiding its house.。"Love and scenery together, hiding their houses, wonderful and boundless, Wang Fuzhi said here is clear.。That is, interceding and scenery are sometimes a whole and cannot be separated。Therefore, the author believes that artistic conception is an artistic atmosphere or atmosphere created by the writer in his works by the combination of emotion and scenery。Rather than a simple mixture of emotion and scenery, which are sometimes indistinguishable。Therefore, its expression methods are diverse, and sometimes the highlight is the description of pure scenery, and the feeling is in the scene。Sometimes only the expression of subjective feelings, feelings in the scene。Sometimes the expression is the simultaneous description of emotion and scenery, scene juxtaposition。The teaching and Appreciation of Poetry, written by the Chinese Department of the former Wuhan Normal School, also has a narrative about artistic conception。It is said that artistic conception is the typical reflection of real life concentration。The real life is rich and colorful and ever-changing, so the expression of artistic conception is also various and not I.。It can either depict a scene picture, such as Du Fu's "Two orioles singing green willow.......(The expression of no subjective feelings) can also highlight a typical feeling, such as Chen Ziang's "Deng Youzhou Platform Song" : "Not before the ancients, not after the arrival, read the heaven and earth leisurely, alone sorrowful and tears.。"(scene blend);Both can refine the details of life characteristics, such as Du Fu's "Wen Guan Jun received Henan Hebei" : "sword outside the sudden spread of the north, the first smell of tears full of clothes.。But to see what his wife is worried about？Rambling books and poems。Singing during the day must drink, the company of youth good return home。That is, from the Ba Gorge through the Wu Gorge, then Xiangyang to Luoyang。 ”（完全是主观情思的描写）更可以借助于比喻、象征、拟人和想象，如毛主席的《蝶恋花.Answer Li Shuyi "I lost Jiao Yang Jun lost Liu, Yang Liu is flying in the sky nine.。Wu Gang what all, Wu gang holding osmanthus wine。Lonely Chang 'e Shuguang sleeve, thousands of miles of sky and for the soul dance。Suddenly reported that the world had been a tiger, tears flying ton for torrential rain。"The same thing is said here。As can be seen from the above, there are many ways to create artistic conception, mainly to see what kind of artistic conception the author pursues in his creation。Now we go back to Wang Changling's "Out" II, the whole article is written about the battle scenes, the poet creates and pursues here is a fierce fighting atmosphere, and wants to inspire people with the heroic spirit of bloody fighting。It also praises the fearless spirit of the border soldiers who fought to defend the land and the people。This is the poet's pursuit of artistic conception。In addition, one and two of "Exit" are written by the same author, and the author realizes the transformation of interest in "Exit" one, so does he forget the expression of subjective feelings in "second"？No, it's not!The author has attached his feelings to the "golden knife with blood in the box"。所以，Mr. Sun Shaozhen said: Wang Changling's "Out" in the second "four sentences short and can be positive.，Red horse, jade saddle, sand field, cold moon, golden knife, blood, city, drums，It's just eight details (images) about the blood of the hero，But in silence and subtlety，Constitute a unified artistic conception，Its level is "much higher" and is respected as one of the seven masterpieces of Wang Changling's "Out of the Plug"。"Is very reasonable。Again, Du Fu's "Swan Sentence" "Two orioles singing green willow......It seems that the four sentences are describing objective scenery, but the poet has cleverly injected his subjective feelings into the scenery, as Wang Fuzhi said, "There is emotion in the scene, wonderful and boundless, and each other hides its house.。It is full of the poet's love for nature，Poets love nature at the same time，Also light surface reveals the sigh of their own life，In particular, "the door to the Dongwu Wanli ship" sentence，There will be people on board，These people drifted thousands of miles from Soochow to Chengdu，And the poet himself had drifted from his hometown，All for the same purpose，For a living。This is not necessarily a reflection of the poet himself？Moreover, Du Fu's poem is based on landscape poetry, and he created a school of landscape poetry different from Tao Yuanming and Xie Lingyun, such as Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Fan Dachheng, Yang Wanli and others are his descendants。There is also Li Qingzhao's famous article "Summer verse" : "Life as a hero, death is also a ghost.。So far thought Xiang Yu, refused to cross the river east。The four poems are simply slogan-like sentences, but they strongly express the integrity of the nation, and you can say that their artistic conception is not good？Therefore, we can not simply judge the artistic conception of the works by the things on the surface of the works, but should look at whether it has touched the readers, let the readers have emotional resonance, regret the soul of the people (that is, the author in the creation of the pursuit of things).。Moreover, all the above examples are famous works that have been passed down through the ages, and the reason why they can be passed down from mouth to mouth and the women and scholars are known is precisely because the artistic conception created by the author is the result of touching, if the artistic conception is poor, can it be passed down to today？

    Talk about the realm, we now talk about the realm of the work, is not the so-called "realm" involved in the above talk about the artistic conception, the author believes that in order to explain the artistic conception of the "realm" and the following to talk about the word separate, it is best to the front of the "realm" into the atmosphere is more appropriate。Therefore, the term "artistic conception" should be interpreted as an artistic atmosphere created by the author (readers can feel) in literary works, which is sublimated from the combination of objective scenery and subjective feelings。So, what is the realm？The definition of realm in Modern Chinese Dictionary is: 1.Boundary of land。2.The degree to which something is achieved or manifested。For example, the state of mind;For another example, his acting has reached the realm of magic。From this we can see that realm is a word that can be quantified。If we often say that the realm is not high and so on, we have never heard that the artistic conception is not high。This is why。Therefore, we cannot mix artistic conception and realm together, let alone say that the two are the same concept。In order to clarify the word realm, we may wish to give a few examples to illustrate。

    In the Compilation of Essays published by Hubei Poetry Society in December 2012, there is an essay by Wu Shucheng, the author, titled "Poetry..Character and poetry teaching.诗道》。He gave examples of some people's works, which may be borrowed here。The first case: Lin Zexu, a famous minister at the end of the Qing Dynasty, whose Humen smoke sale feat was brilliant。However, the Daoguang emperor, under internal and external pressure, banished him to the bitter northwestern region of Xinjiang, Ili。When Lin Zexu arrived at the place, he looked at the snow in the Tianshan Mountains and chanted, "White head meets the snow in the Tianshan Mountains？In the face of unfair treatment, Lin Zexu said "harmony", but the reader felt just righteous indignation, is not!The above sentence expresses the detachment of the parties to their own circumstances, the next sentence expresses the concern for the world events, the poem has a country and no personal grievances, read to be respected!Can be described as a lofty ideological realm。An example of the opposite is also given。It is said that a section-level cadre in the Great Leap Forward years because of a few words of truth, was wrongly dealt with and sent to a farm to catch production。He was deeply resentful about it。Because of good performance, after a period of time, he was pulled back and reinstated。He was relieved and intoned: "Boasting is difficult to pass, banishing pan lake matters paddy field.。Clam meat and grass fill the belly, grass dung from cooking smoke。The cold wind is quick to hook the net, the moon on the star sinking rice cotton。Unswervingly to the party, the harvest will redeem my east return。It should be said that the most part of this poem is still good, especially the middle of the nod and neck connection, the picture of that special era is clearly outlined。But the ideological realm is not high."I east also" the three words put a heart that never forgets personal status naked exposed。More glaring is the last sentence of the "redemption" word, since they think they are innocent, then what to redeem？He also has two immortal lines。His old grandson, can not help but rejoice, intoned: "Old husband to go to the long street, not shorter than others.。This poem is not only a low realm, but also an open confrontation with the state policy, and scolding the world's male-free parents。From these two examples, we can see the difference between the realm and the mood。Or is there a paper in this collection of essays by Mr. Duan Wei entitled "How to Dance in chains?。The seventh part talks about the three levels of poetry: meter, artistic conception and realm。It is said that beginners think that the meter is the most difficult, in fact, it is particularly difficult to pursue artistic conception, and it is even more difficult to achieve a higher realm。The artistic conception is composed of one image after another, and the image is created by means of comparison, and the realm should rise to the level of philosophy or religion。Many people are proficient in meters and good at creating artistic conception, but the reason why the things written are short-lived is that the realm is not high enough。Therefore, we can almost understand the "realm" as a kind of ideological height better understood。

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