Wang Guowei's "Human Words" Miscellaneous (4) Xiao Dehua "There is the creation of the environment, the writing of the environment, the ideal and the realism of the two schools of division。But it's hard to tell them apart。For the great poet must make the environment according to nature, and write the environment adjacent to the ideal "(from the Words of Man, 32)" The things in nature are interrelated and limited to each other, so that they cannot have perfect beauty。However, when it is written in literature, it must leave its relationship and limitation。Therefore, although the realist is also the idealist。And though it is a fictional situation, its materials must be derived from nature, and its construction must be based on the laws of nature。Therefore, although an idealist, also a realist。"(from the Words of the World, No. 37)
Note: The passage book has no "so it cannot have complete beauty"。 This is Wang Guowei's classification and connection of the artistic realm from the perspective of the way of creation。Creating environment, emphasizing imagination and almost making up, is the creative method of romantic literature.Writing environment, emphasis on realism, almost imitation, is a realistic method of creation。Although Wang Guowei makes such a distinction, he focuses on the intersection of these two environments, emphasizing that the two environments are adjacent to each other, which is quite difficult to distinguish, and whether the environment is created or written, it is necessary to be "near the ideal" and "in line with nature".。 We take Xin Qiji's "Magnolia Slow" as an example to understand this problem。 "Poor tonight and moon, where to go leisurely？There are other people in the world, and I only see them there？Is outside the sky, empty sweat diffuse, but the Changfeng Hao send the Mid-Autumn Festival。No one has roots in a flying mirror？Heng did not marry anyone to stay？ That by the sea ask no reason, trance makes people sad。Fear miles long whale, vertical and horizontal touch broken, jade temple Qionglou。The frog therefore can bath water, ask cloud He Yu free solution Shen floating？If the way is all right, the cloud gradually such as hook？The meaning of this word is: the moon is about to disappear tonight, but where has it gone？Is there another world, when the moon sets here, they see the moon rise？Or is it just the mighty autumn wind that blows the moon to some corner of the infinite universe？Who hath fastened the rootless moon to rise and fall round us for ever？The Chang 'e in the moon palace has been waiting for her for thousands of years, and who makes her so？Some people say that when the moon falls, it will sink to the bottom of the sea, isn't it not afraid that the whales in the sea will crash into the moon palace of Yu Yu Qionglou？The toad in the month is not afraid of water, the jade rabbit can also swim？If the moon palace, toad and Jade rabbit are safe and sound when they dive into the sea, why will the moon gradually reduce, from a full moon to a crescent moon？ In this poem, Xin Qiji takes the form of heavenly questions, unfolds the wings of imagination, and puts forward a series of questions about the rise and fall of the moon, which is basically the writing technique of creating the environment。However, it is still fictionalized on the basis of the natural laws of the moon, and its writing materials come from nature, and its structure complies with the laws of nature, so "although idealists are also realists,"。Among them, the moon has no roots to float and sink, gradually like a hook is a realistic technique, he put aside the sun's influence on the moon, the stars and clouds on the moon's arch support, only to write the moon's romantic wandering, "lost its relationship, limitations, so although the realist is also an idealist."。In other words, it is permeated with the poet's imagination and ideals, and it is selected and refined。 Whether a fictional scene can represent a real scene？Although there are some fictional plots in the above words, such as the long whale touching the jade temple and Qionglou, the toad and the jade rabbit bathing in water, etc., but in general, it is to show the natural law of the moon rotating around the earth, so it can show the real scenery。As Wang Guowei said: "The poet imagined that the moon rotates around the earth, which is closely combined with science, can be described as divine enlightenment."。毛主席《皇冠手机比分网官方入口》词中的“山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象”，都是想象的虚构之境，却传神地表现了群山、高原在大雪纷飞中的动感和壮观。However, not all fictional scenes can represent real scenes。Such as describing the beautiful lotus flowers in spring, the wild geese flying south in winter, the rubble remains six thousand years ago, etc., these completely fictional, subjective imagination, contrary to the facts, contrary to common sense scenery, is false scenery。
The author is a retired cadre, majoring in Chinese language and literature。 Address: Zhijin Garden, Longzhou North Road, Wuling District, Changde City, Hunan Province
